Finance Coursework Example

Essays on Finance Coursework Coursework Finance work Task Question A client would like his rectangular courtyard of 200 square meters to be designed. The client prefers a large lawn in the middle of the courtyard. He also wants the a paved and tiled border are all round the edge of the lawn. The tiled path is to be 1 meter wide on the east and west, 2 meters wide on the north side and 1.5 meters on the south side as shown below. 2 m 20 ft 1m 1m 1.5 m 10 ft Based on the narrative, what should the length and the width of the rectangular courtyard be, so that the lawn area in the middle of the courtyard is the largest possible? Answer: since the area of the courtyard is 200 square meters, it cannot be adjusted. Therefore, based on the formula for finding the area of a rectangular field (length*width), the length and the width of the courtyard can vary between 40 and 5, 50 and 4, 100 and 2, 25 and 8, and 16 and 12.5 respectively. If the generated pairs of length and width are multiplied, the resultant area is 200 square meters. In order to give the courtyard a conspicuous rectangular appearance, the chosen length and width from the above range is 20 meters and 10 meters. The measurements will give the largest area of the lawn in the middle of the courtyard. Based on that, the length and width of the lawn will be (20-3.5) = 16.5 meters and (10-2) = 8 meters. Therefore, the area of the lawn = (L*W) = (16.5 *8) = 132 meters, which is also the largest surface area of the lawn based on the client’s perimeter preference. Question 2 A mobile phone company has two towers which are 20 feet apart. Tower one is 6 feet high and tower two is 15 feet high. The two towers need to be connected be connected to each other via an expensive cable, which should be attached at the top of the towers. The cable is then connected to the junction box, which is half the distance between the two towers. The cost of the cable connecting the 6 feet tower and the junction box is  £ 0.5 million per meter while that connecting the 15 feet tower to the junction box is  £ 0.75 million per meter as shown below. 0.75 m 6 ft 0.5 m 15 ft 20 ft (i): To find the length of both the cables, Pythagorean theorem must be applied. Based on the measurement of the 6 feet tower, the high is 6 ft, the base is 10 feet. To find the hypotenuse, which is the length of the cable, Pythagoras theorem is applied. The theory goes, Height^2 + base^2 = Hypotenuse^2. Therefore, 6^2 + 10^2 = Hypotenuse^2. 36 + 100 = hypotenuse^2. 136 = Hypotenuse^2. Hypotenuse = the square root of 136 = 11.6619 feet (3.5545 meters). On the other hand, the hypotenuse of the 15 feet tower = 15^2 + 10^2 = hypotenuse^2. 225 + 100 = hypotenuse^2. 325 = hypotenuse^2. Hypotenuse = the square root of 325 = 18.0278 feet (5.4949 meters). Based on that, the cost of the 6 feet tower cable = (3.5545*0.5) =  £ 1.7773 million, while the cost of 15 feet tower cable = (5.4949*0.75) =  £ 4.1212 million. Therefore, the total cost of the cables = (1.7773+4.1212) =  £ 5.8985 million (Right Triangles: The Good Old Pythagorean Theorem n.d.). (ii): in order to determine the location of the junction box to reduce the cost of the cable is determined using trial and error method. The following are the tried location together with the cable costs for both the 6 feet and 15 feet towers. 6 feet tower Height 6 ft 6 ft 6 ft 6 ft Base 2.5 ft 5 ft 7.5 ft 10 ft Hypotenuse (ft) 6.5 ft 7.81 ft 9.6 ft 11.66 ft Hypotenuse (m) 1.9812 m 2.3805 m 2.9261 m 3.5545 m Cable cost ( £ m) 0.9906 1.1903 1.4631 1.7773 15 feet tower Height 15 ft 15 ft 15 ft 15 ft Base 2.5 ft 5 ft 7.5 ft 10 ft Hypotenuse (ft) 15.21 ft 15.81ft 16.77 ft 18.0278 ft Hypotenuse (m) 4.636 m 4.819 m 5.111 m 5.4949 m Cable cost ( £ m) 3.477 3.614 3.833 4.1212 From the above two tables, the colors (red, yellow, blue and violet represent the possible mixture of the cable lengths. That is, the red calor under the 6 feet tower table is matched with a similar color under the 15 feet tower. Therefore, the possible costs are  £ 4.8236 million for the costs in red color,  £ 4.807 million for the costs in yellow color,  £ 4.9401 million for the costs in blue color, and  £ 5.8985 million for the costs in violet. Therefore, based on the cost analysis, the minimum total cost for the cables is  £ 4.807 million represented by the yellow color. Consequently, the junction box should be placed 5 feet away from the 6 feet tower (15 feet away from the 15 feet tower) (Right Triangles: The Good Old Pythagorean Theorem n.d.). List of References Right Triangles: The Good Old Pythagorean Theorem n.d., Viewed 2 February 2015, http://www.mathwarehouse.com/geometry/triangles/right-triangle.php

Benjamin Franklin Compared to Jonathan Edwards free essay sample

Through their influential writing and critical evaluations of how to improve oneself, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin both encompass American themes that ultimately define them as part of American literature. While living In different times and writing for different reasons they share the common themes of self- improvement, the setting and accomplishment of goals, and the importance of cohesion of society. By studying Edwards Personal Narrative, Resolutions, Sinners In the Hands of an Angry God, and excerpts from Benjamin Franklins Autobiography, found In Norths Anthology of American Literature, edited by NinaBeam, their distinct individual ideas, and these shared fundamental themes of American literature can be seen. Their personal narratives show how their environment impacted them to better themselves. Jonathan Edwards Personal Narrative portrays his progress towards a more close relationship with God. His family was followers of the Congregationalist Church, and from early childhood, he followed a Christian life (Edwards 385). Edwards autobiography, Personal Narrative, begins with him saying, l had a variety of concerns and exercise about my soul from my childhood; but had two more memorable seasons of awakening, before I met with that change, by which I was brought to those new dispositions, and that new sense of things, that I have had (Edwards 386). Edward completes a sojourn that brings him closer to God. This discovery helped him In his evaluation of what It took to become a better Christian In Gods eyes. On the other hand however, Ben]mall Franklin less closely adhered to his familys Christian beliefs.As a Deist, Franklin believed that there was a Supreme Being and that it is ones own chore to discover reality through reason. In his autobiography, he reveals a few Instances that altered his way of life. Case in point, he had qualms about not further pursing his relationship with Miss Read when he left for England. Franklin calls these wrong doings or regrets Errata (Franklin 473). The spirituality of Edwards and Franklin, although different, and very distinctive, their and growth. Also, as a Deist, Franklin believed he determined his inevitability by his own accord.This encouraged him to set and accomplish goals to achieve what he desired in life. His autobiography portrays his faults and his accomplishments. This lack of modesty in revealing his errata is targeted towards his assembly, the American man, with hopes of prompting them to augment themselves and progress upon their deficiencies. Franklin rallied for the reformation of the American man through self- evaluation and correction. On the contrary, Edwards believed that it was Gods divine will of which men were the selected few who could entered into heaven after life.Edwards focused his writings towards Christians more so than Just purely Americans. His goal was to prepare Christians to become these select individuals that gained entrance into heaven. Christians under Edwards felt responsible to live better lives and to set examples for the congregation and the community. As Christian individuals, Just as Franklins Americans, they continually believed that one must examine and self-asses their place in life, the church, and the community. In the book Early American Literature: A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Michael T.Gilmore, Gilmore writes in the introduction, The Puritans in their minds the Bible was the book of history, and typology revealed the developmental pattern of everyday vents by finding correspondences between the Old and New Testaments (Gilmore 2). Edwards consistently leads his life adhering to the bible. He believed like Winthrop, that his community needed to prepare and become a city upon a hill (Gilmore 2). In Resolutions Edwards self-reflection and goals can be seen.He constantly tries to improve himself and his congregation so that they can achieve Gods envisage of a new homeland in New England. Edwards primary commitment was to understand the Bible and to abide by it to live life to the fullest. Edwards spires to better himself and set a precedent for his congregation and his Christian community. Franklin, like Edwards, also seeks these goals and achievements as and individual and for the American man. In Soundings: Some Early American Writers, Lewis Leary writes, Franklin was the true American E constantly redefines himself.. . None better represented the simple, noble men Who lived close to nature faithful to her laws uncontaminated by artificialities of court or town (Leary 9,11). Franklin provides his audience with virtues to adhere to when trying to set goals to improve themselves. Franklin explains, no one can change overnight and one must work on one vice until successively conquered, such as chastity, everyman can find self-improvement and further contribute to their community (Franklin 487). Franklins determination to overcome vices enabled him to become closer to virtuosity, and hopefully in the end encourage his community to do the same. Similarly, Edwards efforts to overcome his sins enabled him to become closer to God and to set an example for his congregation. Both men documented the progress of their goals to follow their self-defined resolutions and both men hoped their morasses would adhere to the same principles. They desired to be influential and catch attention and esteem from their community by showcasing their sacrifices.Along with self-improvement and setting of goals Edwards and Franklins writings reflect the importance of cohesion as a society. While Edwards urges his America was redefining religion, Franklin, through his writing encourages society to move closer together after the Revolutionary War. In, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Edwards reciprocates with ferocity and anger to his congregation when faced with The Great Awakening. In the sermon to his congregation Edwards objective is to rationalize with the countless that are doomed to damnation and not saved.He preaches, Now you have an extraordinary opportunity, a day wherein Christ has thrown the door of mercy wide open (Edwards 435). Edwards begs for the cohesion of his congregational community in effort to defeat the influences of uncertified preachers and the impedance of damnation. Ursula Brume explains in her essay Jonathan Edwards and Typology, In Early American Literature: A Collection of Critical Essays, Edwards took part heart and soul in the events of the Great Awakening He regarded this movement with overwhelming expectations in the belief that it marked the beginning of a new millennium (Brume 71).Edwards felt The Great Awakening was a test from God, that Satan was causing these events, and that by force through his sermons he could hold his congregation together and pass this test from God to see who was faithful. Being much less forceful in his path, Franklin simply attempted to coax others to follow his path to become more patriotic. Franklin delves into the concept of how man can be made into a good citizen by following his sits of virtues. He says, Its every ones interest to be virtuous, who wished to be happy even in this world (Franklin 495).Franklins goal is, to show men that his autobiography and literature alike can help oneself to analyze and correct their own errors (Leary 15). Franklins autobiography is defined by the case of rags to riches and has become a commonly used theme by many American writers. In the book Making the American Self: Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln by Daniel Walker Howe, Howe further explains the evolution of the self made man, Edwards and Franklin agreed in their assessment of human nature and the difficulties put in the way of a virtuous life.

Nature/Nurture Essay Example

Nature/Nurture Essay Nature/Nurture Name: Institution: Nature/Nurture We will write a custom essay sample on Nature/Nurture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nature/Nurture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nature/Nurture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. The Nature versus Nurture decorum involves the comparative significance of the intrinsic qualities of a person against individual experiences in verifying or causing personal dissimilarities within corporeal and behavioral characteristics. In summary, the factors of nature and nurture influence the traits and characteristics human beings acquire based on genetics or the respective environmental milieu. The issue of child development necessitates the discourse exemplified within the Nature versus Nurture debate. On one hand, psychologists and geneticists allege that the development of a child gains influence from nature, which comprises genetics and biological predisposition. On the other hand, psychologists and geneticists assert that the development of child gains basic influence from nurture, which constitutes the environment. Nevertheless, consideration of these pair of assumptions surmises that both nature and nurture play a significant role in endorsing child development. 2. Indeed, the environment in which an individual occupies possesses considerable influence on development. According to Friendly Teacher (2005), the impact of the environment on the behavior of a person is indeed a generally acknowledged fact. However, with respect to this factor, it is also important to consider the quantity of the environment’s influence on an individual’s mannerisms and capabilities. As such, one environmental factor that poses influence on child development is nutrition. As a basic factor, nutrition poses a vital impact on an individual’s capabilities since it is broadly associative with the development of children in terms of personal growth and health. While considering the surroundings of an individual regarding the influence on ability, nutrition portrays a vital illustration. For instance, a certain study documents an instance in which a group of children consumed mineral and vitamin supplements for eight consecutive months (Friendly Te acher, 2005). In addition, the experiment inculcated intelligence examinations prior to and after the eight month treatment. As such, the outcomes revealed enhancements in the scores regarding the group in comparison to another group that did not take the supplements (as quoted in Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). Alternately, the interpretation of the results illustrates that the environment poses a significant responsibility in the development of intellectual aptitude among people. Another environmental factor that poses influence on child development is social interaction. Social interaction in the environment allows individuals to commune, learn and develop language as well as viable verbal and non-communication patterns, which assist considerably in the facilitation of development. As such, children exposed to a range of social activities such as playing, story telling and other co-curricular activities over time develop socially, emotionally and mentally based on the social relationships they creat e through the interacting activities. 3. Correspondingly, the genes innate within every individual incur a considerable effect on personal development. The basis of genes forms the nature of every person based on their genetics and biological composition. These genetic codes pass from one person to another because of the possibility of heredity. Such genetic codes influence different traits among individuals such as behavior, intelligence quotient (IQ) and height. Furthermore, the genes within people compose the dissimilarity that is evident among persons. These dissimilarities include physical characteristics such as the color of hair, the color of the eye as well genetically inherited diseases (SASJones, 2010). The illustration within Twin Studies indicates the matter of nature as a major influence on the development of children. Flanagan (2002) investigated the Minnesota Study, which comprised a pair of twins fostered separately. In one instance, indistinguishable twins, known as the Jim Twins, gained separate nurturing. The twins did not encounter each other after nearly forty years and surprisingly, possessed numerous similarities regardless of being apart for a long time. Interestingly, there was no evidence regarding the similarities except for the fact that nature posed a significant responsibility in the development. According to Flanagan (2002), â€Å"The Minnesota Twin Study concluded that on multiple measures of personality and temperament, occupational and leisure-time interests and social attitudes, mono-zygotic twins reared apart are about as similar as are mono-zygotic twins reared together† (as quoted in SASJones, 2010). As such, one cannot negate the fact that nature, in terms of genetics, creates substantial impact on development. As much as nature plays an important role in development through the transmission of different traits resulting from genes, it is also evident that nature influences child development through genetic abnormalities. Genetic abnormalities do not necessarily arise out of heredity. Instead, they depend on the genetic composition as well as instruction in the formation of cells within organisms. Usually, genetic instructions are fallible and can thus digress from the normal manner of functioning. Occasionally, when the formation of a sperm or ovum takes place, the quantity of chromosomes may partition unequally forcing the organism to possess a larger or smaller amount of chromosomes other than the standard 23. Furthermore, in the event that an abnormal cell amalgamates with a standard cell, the resulting zygote will possess an unequal figure of chromosomes, which will result into a baby with a syndrome that has an array of distinguishing characteristics that influence development in a di fferent manner. 4. The Nature versus Nurture debate prompts further study regarding the impact of genetics and the environment in the progress of health and behavioral issues from infancy to maturity. Research conducted on social and psychological aspects of individuals focuses on the association between cognition, sentiment and violent behavior. One study carried out by a faction of scientists in 2005 focuses specifically on violent behavior. The objective of the research delved on proving the permutation of genetics and the environment in influencing the development of criminally violent individuals. As such, the study gathered individuals who possessed the MAO-A gene. The MAO-A gene is a gene that comprises two alleles, of which one form is short and the other form is long. These alleles constitute the MAOA-uVNTR and the 5-HTTLPR genes (SASJones, 2010). Furthermore, the study focused on using an environment comprised of instances of violent childhood and upbringing in order to determine the corre lation between the genes and the violent background in developing criminal violence among persons. The outcome of the study indicated that the interaction of genes and the environment possessed credible impact in the development of violent persons. According to SASJones (2010), the study depicted that the evidence of 74 percent correlation between a short MAO-A form, an unfavorable background and aggressive behavior. Based on the study, individuals that possessed a long MAO-A form as well as an unpleasant childhood exuded less susceptibility towards violence. The results also proved similar for individuals that possessed a short MAO-A form and a most favorable childhood. With respect to the fact that the 5HTT gene posed null association to violence, it is evident that persons with the 5HTT gene, a diminutive MAO-A allele and an unfavorable background showed more violence than individuals who did not have the 5HTT gene. As such, the general outcome of the study proved that both factors, genes and the environment, influences violent behavior among individuals and as such, depict the influence of nature and nurture on development. 5. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) poses significant association towards the notion of heritability. The concept of ADHD heritability influences the degree to which an individual is likely to gain ADHD. Thapar et al., (2006) asserts that the risk of gaining ADHD is greater among relatives with ADHD and conduct disorder. Additionally, genetic aspects among family members contribute enormously to ADHD symptoms ultimately. Alternately, certain genes influence ADHD irrespective of the fact that most of them do not possess a considerable impact in facilitating the disorder. Consequently, the genes influencing ADHD do not influence the development of the disorder wholly but in traits encompassing the illness. According to Thapar et al., (2006), the DRD4 7-repeat allele, which constitutes the DRD4 gene, is responsible for anti-social behavior among children suffering from ADHD. Additionally, Faraone (2000) acknowledges that the genetic studies conducted on the DRD4 gene as well as the DAT gene indicate that individuals with these genes are likely to gain ADHD. Furthermore, the polymorphism associated with both genes with respect to their respective alleles depicts potential acquisition of the disorder among individuals. Nevertheless, as much as both genes possess direct linkage towards being the causative factor of ADHD, the genes still possess an insignificant effect on ADHD heritability based on the deviating nature of their polymorphic forms. Other genetic studies performed on individuals with ADHD assert that 75 percent of the persons suffering from the disorder possessed one duplicate of the allele and as such, negate the influence of polymorphism as well as presence of genes as substantial factors towards the development and attainment of ADHD (Faraone, 2000; Thapar et al., 2006). 6. Regardless of the consistent amount of experiments conducted on affirming the Nature versus Nurture hypothesis, it is still possible to outline novel forms of testing that are possible for illustrating the concept. An example of an experiment regarding the interaction between nature and nurture with respect to development is the performance of adoption studies. Adoption studies differentiate from twin studies since they focus on deducing the influence of genes and the surroundings of an individual among persons with different genes. In summary, adoption studies focus on adopted children, the different traits they possess as well as the similar environment that they share with their adopted parents and its effect on their development. Furthermore, the study could be more beneficial in explaining the role of genes and the environment on development. An example of an adoption study would comprise a study involving the study of the traits intrinsic within adopted children. In the study, the adopted children share familial heredity but live together with foster parents. In conduction of the study, research will entail testing a foster family with adopted children and the adopted children’s biological family. The main objective of the study will focus on outlining the relationship between heredity and background in facilitating development among children. The children, while being adopted, will share the surroundings with other children but will not share similar genes with them. As such, the argument made for this study involves the possibility of the adopted children sharing more traits and features with their foster families in comparison to their biological families. The outcomes of the result will outline that nature and nurture facilitate development among children since the adopted children will not share traits with t he foster families but will accentuate the norms and values of their foster families. Conclusion In conclusion, nature and nurture possess credible and significant influence on the development of children. The number of studies carried out to test the concept acknowledges that genes and the environment affect the manner in which a child develops from infancy to maturity. Moreover, the prevalence of genetic diseases such as ADHD further supports the concept based on the assertion that heritability and the surroundings facilitate the disorder and hence a child’s development. References Faraone, S.V. (November 01, 2000). Genetics of childhood disorders: XX. ADHD, part 4: Is ADHD genetically heterogeneous? Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 11, 1455-1457. Retrieved from http://medicine.yale.edu/labs/lombroso/www/pdfs/column35.pdf/ Friendly Teacher (2005, Dec 16). The childhood development Nature vs. Nurture debate continues. Retrieved from http://voices.yahoo.com/the-childhood-development-nature-vs-nurture-debate-13176.html/ SASJones. (2010, Aug 5). Nature vs. nurture: Either, or; or both? Retrieved from http://voices.yahoo.com/nature-vs-nurture-6521126.html?cat=72/ Thapar, A., Langley, K., Asherson, P., Gill, M. (Jan 01, 2007). Gene-environment interplay in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of a developmental perspective. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 1-3. Retrieved from http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/190/1/1.full/

Personal Computers essays

Personal Computers essays In the last 1,000 years what has been the most revolutionary development? The answer would be the personal computer! Never has such a development been so promising, yet devastating at the same time. This miraculous invention comes two sided, the heads side being that we are now a very fast paced, and technologically advanced country, the tails side being that we now have in our midst a whole different accessibility to pornography, a decrease in physical activity of Americans, and a severe increase in opportunity for fraud and hacking. Before the personal computer was released to the public, only the mainframes existed. These mainframes took as much space as a Costco warehouse would take today! They were made up of PVC pipes and huge air-conditioning units for cooling the pipes off. Mainframes were primarily used for businesses or scientific studies. Personal computers brought a whole new light to the computer industry. Following the invention of the personal computer, a network was created by the military called the Internet. The Internet was made for the purpose that if an enemy were to strike us, we would have a network that was indestructible, consisting of independent servers all around the world. The military decided to extend this network to anyone who had a personal computer, thus creating a mass evolutionary transformation in the way everyone would communicate in the future. Along with this very good event came some sick people with the idea of pornography in mind. These people capitalized on the open market and it is now the most profitable profession on the Internet. In this past year there have been around 2,000 new sites every month. Like it or not, the online pornography industry has a knack for getting people to part with their money. Most mainstream Web sites do not. (Sun1) Another problem Americans face is the laziness of sitting down at a computer all day and not getting any physical activity. "...

Revolutionary War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Revolutionary War - Essay Example Washington never understood why slaves would freely choose to fight for their new home. The great majority of slaves only cared about their freedom, so joining the American colonists provided an avenue for this wish. The reason why more blacks joined the Loyalist forces is because they were offering freedom to those who fought. As a result, the Loyalist forces had more men to fight with and had the upper hand in the war. Thousands of blacks chose to side with the British forces because of the promise of freedom—something that the American colonists were not so willing to offer. George Washington barred the recruitment of black soldiers even though they had already fought with whites at Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill. This choice proved to be a terrible mistake—although not fatal. It took until the winter of 1777-78 for Washington to reconsider his earlier decision. The American colonists were losing the war and the Continental Army had fallen to only 18,000. Because of these circumstances, Washington finally decided to enlist a regiment of black slaves from Rhode Island. Even though Washington allowed blacks to join the war effort, they were used in basic capacities only. George Washington did not trust blacks at all—he believed that they would take advantage of their new found freedom and run away and desert the army. Washington came from a Southern background and felt that he had to appease South Carolina’s leaders over the issue of slavery. After the war had ended, Washington demanded that former slaves be sent back to their previous masters. This also included the blacks who had fought for the British Loyalists and were now considered American

Consumer Behavior TrendsCocooning Research Paper

Consumer Behavior TrendsCocooning - Research Paper Example Cocooning is an interesting practice which implies a certain accepted belief set with respect to what will become of the overall economy. Likewise, the level of economic optimism displayed by this group is invariably quite low (Sexton 2011). In short, those that practice cocooning are intent on building/fortifying their own interests/needs against the backdrop of an increasingly uncertain economic reality. These consumers cannot be easily defined as they incorporate elements of TEOTWAWKI (The end of the world as we know it), survivalism, conservationism, and a pervasive element of fear for future stability. It is this fear, more than any other factor, which defines the behaviors and actions of consumers as will be discussed in this analysis. As such, this brief analysis will review the product many different product offerings of freeze dried food and other long-term food storage items. This type of activity, although still considered fringe, is gaining more and more popularity due to the uncertain outcome of the current financial crisis and the fear by many individuals that the situation will only become more and more desperate as time goes on. This belief is further compounded by a growing group of individuals who have developed a worldview that is defined by the belief that the complete and total collapse of the global economy is imminent. Although there have always been elements of survivalism and fear of a coming global apocalypse, the size and scope of such activities has verifiably increased over the past few years to encompass a much larger demographic than was previously associated with such cocooning activities as this. Individuals, spurred on by aggressive marketing campaigns in alternative media outlets1, are actively seeking to stockpile not only food but other necessary supplies that they believe will insulate them in some way from the coming/imminent collapse. This behavior is unique due

Marketing Reasearch Topshop Essay Example for Free

Marketing Reasearch Topshop Essay Many organisations use marketing research to contribute to the development of their businesses because Market research can improve marketing strategies. Market research gives you concrete feedback regarding the product or service. You can use the information from market studies in your marketing strategy to define your target market, position your product, and price it appropriately. TOPSHOP is one of the world’s most internationally recognized fashion design talent schemes its part of the Arcadia Group, which owns a number of other retail outlets, it seems to be the single biggest supporter of emerging design talent in the UK. Arcadia Group ones over than 500 stores in more than 30 markets, supporting franchisees. Retail is a popular market as many new designers and stores are always popping Using marketing research is the most common kind of research as you can determine your market how you need to brand your product. Also finding competitors can be very useful when selling similar products for example a very popular fashion necessity like leggings. These leather leggings are popular in London at the moment and many stores are selling them however as TOPSHOP is such a popular brand people would rather spend  £33 at TOPSHOP then  £12.99 at a more basic store even with the significant price difference. This shows the importance of market research and branding, TOPSHOP’s reputation and brand awareness allows them to sell product at a higher price than other market competitors. Both products are made from the same material 100% Polyurethane but TOPSHOPS modifies the basic shape by adding multiple seams and a metal zipper, this adds a more fashionable twist then other companies which then allow TOPSHOP’s marketing team to increase the price to beat competitors. Topshop is a British clothes retailer specialized in womens clothing and fashion accessories. Topshop started life in 1964 as Peter Robinsons Topshop. By the 1970s Topshop had the first stand-alone store which was opened in 1974 however in 1994 the brand began to grow and set up at 214 Oxford Store. TOPSHOP first had a reputation of being a tacky low price clothing outlet. As the brand started growing they created TOPSHOP ‘plus to appeal to a larger market and compete with potential market competitors, which has now earned the fame of now leading fashion retailer. This success is owed to market strategy made in 1994 by going upscale. TOPSHOP ‘plus products will arrive first in the market and will be of high quality and very low comparative price. TOPSHOP plus stock up to date fashion clothes and accessories before any of its competitors does in the market because of the brand status many sellers want to work with TOPSHOP as they have so much publicity and celebrity endorsement. The endorsement from the British super model Kate Moss acted to strengthen Top Shops image as being first class in fashion clothing additionally the collection arrived in stores, designed to capture the models unique sense of style, Kate Moss for Top shop was one of the most hotly anticipated high street collaborations. Over time, TOPSHOP will come to be known not only as just the fashion accessory provider but much rather a trend setter especially with its in-house designer brands and those exclusively introduced and introduced by fashion industry leaders. Due to its various marketing efforts, innovations in the business and exclusive services for its customers, it is now the biggest and the most differentiated name in the fashion industry especially when it comes to retailers in the field.