Machiavelli’s View of Human Nature Essay example -- Machiavelli The Pr

Niccolo Machiavelli was a political scholar from Florence Italy. He lived during the Italian Renaissance from May 1469 to 1527. This period in time that Machiavelli lived was the resurrection of craftsmanship in Italy and rediscovery of old way of thinking, writing and science. Machiavelli’s theory about the idea of man is that man has both great and awful characteristics, yet will lean towards his own personal matters when everything is equivalent: in this manner man is a whimsical animal. Machiavelli’s perspective on human instinct impacts his perspective on government.      Machiavelli composes, â€Å"that man has characteristics that will bring him either acclaim or blame† and on the grounds that a ruler is a man; thusly, he will likewise show these characteristics. A ruler should put his great characteristics out there in the open and be sufficiently shrewd to conceal his unethical failings from his subjects; at the same time, if these indecencies are important to keep up his state, he should grasp them; since this appearance of a solid state by his subjects gives them an incorrect feeling that all is well with the world.      He states in passage fourteen that â€Å"since they (men) are a pitiful part, and keep no confidence with you, you thusly are under no commitment to keep it with them†. Machiavelli accepts that men will lie, cheat, or take in the event that it has some advantage to them, and keeping in mind that a ruler shows the...

Real Tears free essay sample

At the point when I was four, I was offered $20,000. Twenty thousand dollars to hold an umbrella, stroll toward a school transport, at that point turn and wave farewell to my mom. At the point when I pivoted, there were waterways of quiet tears gushing down my face. The makers adored it! They thought I was splendid having the option to call up tears on request. Be that as it may, my astonished mother knew those were genuine tears, so she said we were returning home. In their edgy exertion to cast me, the makers even offered to employ my mom for the business. She declined for the two of us. As pleasant as it would have been to cushion my school support, it was not worth the expense. Specialists and makers continued calling. Indeed, even outsiders in the city of Manhattan would tell my mom that I ought to be a youngster model. I don't know why. My hair was a mop of rowdy earthy colored curls that resisted gravity. We will compose a custom article test on Genuine Tears or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I appeared at tryouts in confounded garments while the other consummately coiffed young ladies spun in pretty dresses and dark Mary-Janes. At the point when I was somewhat more established, I did an American Express notice that was highlighted in The New York Times. All I needed to do was hold a trumpet, which I didn't have the foggiest idea how to play, and grin close to my â€Å"family.† An Italian kid was my imagine sibling, and a Cuban woman was my imagine mother. By then I comprehended it was every one of the a demonstration. When I started school, my mom was not ready to haul me out of class for tryouts, so that was the finish of my youngster demonstrating vocation that never truly was. I don't dislike her for it. Indeed, I appreciate her choice. I didn't have a place before a camera. I had a place in the homeroom, on the softball field, and in a pool. Going into first year of secondary school, I set ideal participation as my own objective. Indeed, even on those fierce m ornings when my morning timer would ring before I even got an opportunity to close my eyes, I would walk off to class, depleted however decided. The equivalent goes for swim meets and softball match-ups. Being missing is just impossible. Regardless of whether I am hunching down behind the hitter, prepared to jump on any foul balls, or ready in focus field, prepared to resist the blinding sun and watch out for every single fly ball, or curled up on the beginning square, prepared to discharge my body into a shot of dynamic vitality, this is the place I have a place after school. These are the snapshots of euphoria in my youth. The genuine connections I have worked with instructors, schoolmates, colleagues, and mentors are worth more than any organized familial bond in an American Express notice. Nobody will pay me a huge number of dollars to take part in class each day no matter what, hit a stroll off grand slam against an opponent group, or get an individual best time in the 50-meter free-form. In any case, that is the place this 17-year-old young lady gets her most extravagant prizes. That is the thing that puts a grin all over, a genuine grin that I would not exchange for a check or an acting profession. I am glad to be an understudy. I am eager to be an inside defender and a catcher. I am cheerful to be a swimmer. Some time or another soon, when I need to pivot and wave farewell to this, there will be genuine tears spilling down my face. Yet, the chuckling, companionships, and recollections will be justified, despite all the trouble.

Women and Violence Essay Example For Students

Ladies and Violence Essay All through film history, ladies have encountered more progress in their jobs, because of changing cultural standards, than some other class. From the start, both society and the film business lectured that ladies ought to be subject to men and stay in the home, so as to ensure soundness in the network and the family. As time passed and mentalities changed, ladies were starting to be delineated as solid willed, free disapproved of characters, who were anxious to split away from show. The class of the wrongdoing film speaks to such an adjustment in the jobs gave to ladies. Two movies that can be differentiated, so as to help this view, are: The Public Enemy by William Wellman (1931) and Bonnie Clyde by Arthur Penn (1967). We will compose a custom exposition on Women and Violence explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In The Public Enemy, ladies are depicted as innocent and additionally objects of bodily joy by men. In this period, ladies were frequently classified as moms, fancy women, sisters, or women. Mama Powers (played by Beryl Mercer), the lead character Tom Powers(played by James Cagney) mother, is handily tricked by Toms counterfeit tales about where he get his cash and doesnt accept that her â€Å"baby boy† could be a detestable hoodlum. At a certain point during restriction, when Tom brings home a barrel of brew, she doesnt even inquiry where he acquired it, but instead takes a beverage for herself. Mama Powers is the prototypical mother of the 1930s. She is oblivious to the methods for the world and doesnt see the risk of things, even concerning her own youngsters. She is a widow who doesn't work, yet is bolstered by her children. She is even ignorant concerning the way that her children despise each other. Despite the fact that, her Tom was savage executioner and hoodlum, she g enerally greets him back affectionately wholeheartedly. Toward the finish of the film, she gets a call saying that Tom will be returning home from the emergency clinic, where he had been treated for a shot. She surges upstairs to make his bed and prepare his room, when the doorbell rings and the adversary pack drops of Toms weapon perplexed body. Different ladies who show up in the film are depicted as quick ladies who are sexual article to be delighted in by Tom, until he becomes weary of them and afterward discards them. In one acclaimed film seen, Tom doesnt acknowledge what his escort moll Kitty (played by Mae Clarke) said to him, so he devilishly crushes half of a grapefruit into her face. She is left there put down, too reluctant to even consider sticking up for herself. With the 1960s, came disarray in the prevailing society about womens jobs in the film. Ladies were presently being depicted as amazing, capricious, and having a strange sexual force, which they used to evade male control. The 1960s likewise carried with it his strains that came about the raising war in Vietnam, the death of John F. Kennedy, dark ghettos going up on fire, the womens freedom development, the young enemy of war defiance and free love topic, and the Civil Rights development. It was sheltered to state that the American open had viciousness at the forefront of its thoughts and the film business gained by the publics misgivings. Executive Arthur Penn utilized Bonnie Clyde as his medium to engrave the insubordinate tone of the 1960s and the vulnerability of the prevailing qualities and standards of society. When were first acquainted with the character of Bonnie Parker (played by Faye Dunaway), the camera centers around her as she is appreciating her bare body in the mirror. She at that point depends on her bed and the camera sees her from the outside of her bed rails, so as to give the watcher the feeling that she feels detained by her regular day to day existence. At that point, she peers out her window and sees a man endeavoring to take her mother’s vehicle on their front yard grass. She shouts to him and hastily gets into garments to meet him outside. He rapidly interests her interest by saying that she appears as though a famous actor stuck in an exhausting server work, while revealing to her that he is a burglar. She requests that he demonstrate that he isn't a â€Å"faker†, so he gives her his weapon and, quickly turned on by its suggestive peril, challenges him by saying, † you wouldn’t have the get up and go to utilize it.† To intrigue her, he l ets her observer a theft of a humble community nation store. As they make their escape in a hot-wired vehicle, he presents himself as Clyde Barrow (played by Warren Beatty). She momentarily covers him with kisses so he needs to pull over on the nation street and advises her to â€Å"slow down.† Clyde educates her that he is â€Å"not quite a bit of a sweetheart boy†, yet rather challenges her intellectually by offering her the chance of abandoning the everyday practice and turning out to be somebody unique and famous when he says:†You get up each morning and you detest it. You simply detest it. Them truckdrivers come in there to eat your oily burgers and they kid you, and you kid them back. However, they’re inept and idiotic young men with the enormous old tattoos on them, and you don’t like it. They ask you on dates, and now and then you go yet you for the most part don’t on the grounds that all they’re ever attempting to do is get in your jeans whether you need them to or not. So you go on home and you sit in your room and you think, Now when and how am I ever going to escape from this?’ And now you know.†Appealing to Bonnies feeling of disobedience and talk about with social standards, she chooses to leave with Cylde and begin burglarizing banks. The following morning, Clyde shows Bonnie how to shoot a firearm by utilizing an old extra tire. There is extraordinary hugeness in this scene on the grounds that Bonnie ventures out self strengthening. The weapon additionally fills in as a redirection from sex. She is fulfilled, nearly fixated, with the phalicness of the weapon and turns out to be explicitly charged by utilizing it; the firearm turns into her substitute for sex due to Clydes feebleness. On their way across Texas, the couple stop at a service station where they meet C.W. Greenery (played by Michael J. Pollard). They choose to enlist C.W. since he is a decent repairman with the vehicle and took cash out of the sales register for their outing. Afterward, the pair are joined by Clyde’s more established, ex-con sibling Buck (played by Gene Hackman) and his cliché, compliant spouse Blanche (played by Estelle Parsons). They unite and turn into the Barrow Gang and head out through Texas. While halted, the gathering choose to take pictures with Blanches camera and Bonnie stances in exciting style with her leg laying on the taken Fords guard with a stogie in her mouth and grasping a weapon. Stirred by her recently discovered feeling of intensity and sexuality, she endeavors to archive the supplied ladies she has become, just as, successfully catching the mind-set of the womens developments of the 1960s. This is additionally the first occasion when we begin to see pressure among Bonnie and Blanche. Bonnie disdain the kind of ladies that Blanche is and considers her a â€Å"ignorant, uneducated hillbilly.† This likewise further goes to help the thoughts of the w omen's activist development of the 1960s and the demeanor of a significant number of the womans heroes toward the â€Å"conventional† ladies in the public eye. .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .postImageUrl , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:hover , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:visited , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:active { border:0!important; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:active , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:hover { mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8011 137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Prevalent Issues Of Surrogate Parenting EssayDuring one significant scene in the film, the pack , now in Missouri, is stopped by a lake, down an abandoned street while Clyde goes out into the forested areas to alleviate himself. Not realizing that they are being trailed by Texas Ranger Capt. Forthcoming Hamer (played by Denver Pyle), Clyde fires the firearm out of his hand when he is going to fire at them. They catch the Ranger and cuff him with his own binds. Bonnie recommends that the humili

Quarter Wit, Quarter Wisdom Solving the Weighing and Balancing Puzzle

Let’s continue the discussion on puzzles that we began last week. Today we look at another kind of puzzle weighing multiple objects using a two-pan balance while we are given a limited number of times to weight the objects against each other. First of all, do we understand what a two-pan balance looks like? Here is a picture. As you can see, it has two pans that will be even if the weights in them are equal. If one pan has heavier objects in it, that pan will go down due to the weight. With this in mind,  lets try our first puzzle: One of twelve coins is a bit lighter than the other 11 (which have the same weight). How would you identify this lighter coin if you could use a two-pan balance scale only 3 times? (You can only balance one set of coins  against another, i.e. you have no weight measurements.) There are various ways in which we can solve this. We are given 12 coins, all of same weight, except one which is a bit lighter. Let’s split the coins into two groups of 6 coins each and put them in the two pans. Since there is one lighter coin, one pan will be lighter than the other and will rise higher. So now we know that one of these 6 coins is the lighter coin. Now split these 6 coins into another  two groups of 3 coins each. Again, one pan will rise higher since it will have the lighter coin on it. Now we know that one of these three coins is  the lighter coin. Now what do we do? We have 3 coins  and we cannot split them equally. What we can do is put one coin in each pan. What happens if the pans are not balanced? Then we know the pan that rises higher has the lighter coin on it (and thus, we have identified our coin). But what if both pans are balanced? The catch is that then the leftover coin  is the lighter one! In any case, we would be able to identify the lighter coin using this strategy. We hope you understand the logic here. Now lets try another puzzle: One of 9 coins is a bit lighter than the other 8. How would you identify this lighter coin if you could use a two-pan balance scale only 2 times? Now we can use the balance only twice, and we are given an odd number of coins so we cannot split them evenly. Recall what we did in the first puzzle  when we had an odd number of coins   we put one coin aside. What should we do here? Can we try putting 1 coin aside and splitting the rest of the 8 coins into two groups of 4 each? We can but once we have a set of 4 coins that contain the lighter coin, we will still need 2 more weighings to isolate the light coin, and  we only have a total of 2 weighings  to use. Instead, we should split the 9 coins into 3 groups of 3 coins each. If we put one group aside and put the other two groups into the two pans of the scale, we will be able to identify the group which has the lighter coin. If one pan rises up, then that pan is holding  the lighter coin; if the pans weight the same, then  the group put aside has the lighter coin in it. Now the question circles back to the strategy we used in the first puzzle. We have 3 coins, out of which one is lighter than the others, and we have only one chance left to weigh the coins. Just like in the first puzzle, we can  put one coin aside and weigh the other two against each other   if one pan rises, it is holding  the lighter coin, otherwise the coin put aside is the lighter coin!  Thus,  we were able to identify the lighter coin in just two weighings. Can you use the same method to answer the first puzzle now? We will leave you with a final puzzle: On a Christmas tree there were two blue, two red, and two white balls. All seemed the same, however in each color pair, one ball was heavier. All three lighter balls weighed the same, just like all three heavier balls weighed the same.  Using a 2-pan balance scale only twice, identify the lighter balls. Can you solve this problem using the strategies above? Let us know in the comments! Getting ready to take the GMAT? We have  free online GMAT seminars  running all the time. And, be sure to follow us on  Facebook,  YouTube,  Google+, and  Twitter! Karishma, a Computer Engineer with a keen interest in alternative Mathematical approaches, has mentored students in the continents of Asia, Europe and North America. She teaches the  GMAT  for Veritas Prep and regularly participates in content development projects such as  this blog!

The Approaches of Green Logistics in the Past and Positive Results From This Free Essay Example, 3000 words

Sustainability is one of the subjects that have attracted a lot of interest in the environmental and business management all over the world in general and in the technologically advanced countries in particular. There has been considerable research in the past regarding the trade-off between such activities of the economy as manufacturing and their impact on the environment. In addition, many studies to date have placed emphasis on manufacturing enterprises. Nevertheless, there has been very limited research upon the logistics sector. Most of the literature to date discusses the partial link between firm performance and environmental variables (Chol and Zhang, 2011). This research tends to fill these gaps by evaluating the way the sustainable performance of green logistics has facilitated the proactive green management in the firms belonging to different industries. A potential way to motivate the firms to adopt the approaches involving the use of green logistics is to dawn upon the m the way use of green logistics approaches has benefited the firms in the past. An analysis of the comparative benefit drawn by the use of green logistics by the firms belonging to different industries would help the firms gauge the usability of adopting the green logistics approaches depending upon their nature of business and belongingness to a specific industry. We will write a custom essay sample on The Approaches of Green Logistics in the Past and Positive Results From This or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Finance Coursework Example

Essays on Finance Coursework Coursework Finance work Task Question A client would like his rectangular courtyard of 200 square meters to be designed. The client prefers a large lawn in the middle of the courtyard. He also wants the a paved and tiled border are all round the edge of the lawn. The tiled path is to be 1 meter wide on the east and west, 2 meters wide on the north side and 1.5 meters on the south side as shown below. 2 m 20 ft 1m 1m 1.5 m 10 ft Based on the narrative, what should the length and the width of the rectangular courtyard be, so that the lawn area in the middle of the courtyard is the largest possible? Answer: since the area of the courtyard is 200 square meters, it cannot be adjusted. Therefore, based on the formula for finding the area of a rectangular field (length*width), the length and the width of the courtyard can vary between 40 and 5, 50 and 4, 100 and 2, 25 and 8, and 16 and 12.5 respectively. If the generated pairs of length and width are multiplied, the resultant area is 200 square meters. In order to give the courtyard a conspicuous rectangular appearance, the chosen length and width from the above range is 20 meters and 10 meters. The measurements will give the largest area of the lawn in the middle of the courtyard. Based on that, the length and width of the lawn will be (20-3.5) = 16.5 meters and (10-2) = 8 meters. Therefore, the area of the lawn = (L*W) = (16.5 *8) = 132 meters, which is also the largest surface area of the lawn based on the client’s perimeter preference. Question 2 A mobile phone company has two towers which are 20 feet apart. Tower one is 6 feet high and tower two is 15 feet high. The two towers need to be connected be connected to each other via an expensive cable, which should be attached at the top of the towers. The cable is then connected to the junction box, which is half the distance between the two towers. The cost of the cable connecting the 6 feet tower and the junction box is  £ 0.5 million per meter while that connecting the 15 feet tower to the junction box is  £ 0.75 million per meter as shown below. 0.75 m 6 ft 0.5 m 15 ft 20 ft (i): To find the length of both the cables, Pythagorean theorem must be applied. Based on the measurement of the 6 feet tower, the high is 6 ft, the base is 10 feet. To find the hypotenuse, which is the length of the cable, Pythagoras theorem is applied. The theory goes, Height^2 + base^2 = Hypotenuse^2. Therefore, 6^2 + 10^2 = Hypotenuse^2. 36 + 100 = hypotenuse^2. 136 = Hypotenuse^2. Hypotenuse = the square root of 136 = 11.6619 feet (3.5545 meters). On the other hand, the hypotenuse of the 15 feet tower = 15^2 + 10^2 = hypotenuse^2. 225 + 100 = hypotenuse^2. 325 = hypotenuse^2. Hypotenuse = the square root of 325 = 18.0278 feet (5.4949 meters). Based on that, the cost of the 6 feet tower cable = (3.5545*0.5) =  £ 1.7773 million, while the cost of 15 feet tower cable = (5.4949*0.75) =  £ 4.1212 million. Therefore, the total cost of the cables = (1.7773+4.1212) =  £ 5.8985 million (Right Triangles: The Good Old Pythagorean Theorem n.d.). (ii): in order to determine the location of the junction box to reduce the cost of the cable is determined using trial and error method. The following are the tried location together with the cable costs for both the 6 feet and 15 feet towers. 6 feet tower Height 6 ft 6 ft 6 ft 6 ft Base 2.5 ft 5 ft 7.5 ft 10 ft Hypotenuse (ft) 6.5 ft 7.81 ft 9.6 ft 11.66 ft Hypotenuse (m) 1.9812 m 2.3805 m 2.9261 m 3.5545 m Cable cost ( £ m) 0.9906 1.1903 1.4631 1.7773 15 feet tower Height 15 ft 15 ft 15 ft 15 ft Base 2.5 ft 5 ft 7.5 ft 10 ft Hypotenuse (ft) 15.21 ft 15.81ft 16.77 ft 18.0278 ft Hypotenuse (m) 4.636 m 4.819 m 5.111 m 5.4949 m Cable cost ( £ m) 3.477 3.614 3.833 4.1212 From the above two tables, the colors (red, yellow, blue and violet represent the possible mixture of the cable lengths. That is, the red calor under the 6 feet tower table is matched with a similar color under the 15 feet tower. Therefore, the possible costs are  £ 4.8236 million for the costs in red color,  £ 4.807 million for the costs in yellow color,  £ 4.9401 million for the costs in blue color, and  £ 5.8985 million for the costs in violet. Therefore, based on the cost analysis, the minimum total cost for the cables is  £ 4.807 million represented by the yellow color. Consequently, the junction box should be placed 5 feet away from the 6 feet tower (15 feet away from the 15 feet tower) (Right Triangles: The Good Old Pythagorean Theorem n.d.). List of References Right Triangles: The Good Old Pythagorean Theorem n.d., Viewed 2 February 2015, http://www.mathwarehouse.com/geometry/triangles/right-triangle.php

Benjamin Franklin Compared to Jonathan Edwards free essay sample

Through their influential writing and critical evaluations of how to improve oneself, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin both encompass American themes that ultimately define them as part of American literature. While living In different times and writing for different reasons they share the common themes of self- improvement, the setting and accomplishment of goals, and the importance of cohesion of society. By studying Edwards Personal Narrative, Resolutions, Sinners In the Hands of an Angry God, and excerpts from Benjamin Franklins Autobiography, found In Norths Anthology of American Literature, edited by NinaBeam, their distinct individual ideas, and these shared fundamental themes of American literature can be seen. Their personal narratives show how their environment impacted them to better themselves. Jonathan Edwards Personal Narrative portrays his progress towards a more close relationship with God. His family was followers of the Congregationalist Church, and from early childhood, he followed a Christian life (Edwards 385). Edwards autobiography, Personal Narrative, begins with him saying, l had a variety of concerns and exercise about my soul from my childhood; but had two more memorable seasons of awakening, before I met with that change, by which I was brought to those new dispositions, and that new sense of things, that I have had (Edwards 386). Edward completes a sojourn that brings him closer to God. This discovery helped him In his evaluation of what It took to become a better Christian In Gods eyes. On the other hand however, Ben]mall Franklin less closely adhered to his familys Christian beliefs.As a Deist, Franklin believed that there was a Supreme Being and that it is ones own chore to discover reality through reason. In his autobiography, he reveals a few Instances that altered his way of life. Case in point, he had qualms about not further pursing his relationship with Miss Read when he left for England. Franklin calls these wrong doings or regrets Errata (Franklin 473). The spirituality of Edwards and Franklin, although different, and very distinctive, their and growth. Also, as a Deist, Franklin believed he determined his inevitability by his own accord.This encouraged him to set and accomplish goals to achieve what he desired in life. His autobiography portrays his faults and his accomplishments. This lack of modesty in revealing his errata is targeted towards his assembly, the American man, with hopes of prompting them to augment themselves and progress upon their deficiencies. Franklin rallied for the reformation of the American man through self- evaluation and correction. On the contrary, Edwards believed that it was Gods divine will of which men were the selected few who could entered into heaven after life.Edwards focused his writings towards Christians more so than Just purely Americans. His goal was to prepare Christians to become these select individuals that gained entrance into heaven. Christians under Edwards felt responsible to live better lives and to set examples for the congregation and the community. As Christian individuals, Just as Franklins Americans, they continually believed that one must examine and self-asses their place in life, the church, and the community. In the book Early American Literature: A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Michael T.Gilmore, Gilmore writes in the introduction, The Puritans in their minds the Bible was the book of history, and typology revealed the developmental pattern of everyday vents by finding correspondences between the Old and New Testaments (Gilmore 2). Edwards consistently leads his life adhering to the bible. He believed like Winthrop, that his community needed to prepare and become a city upon a hill (Gilmore 2). In Resolutions Edwards self-reflection and goals can be seen.He constantly tries to improve himself and his congregation so that they can achieve Gods envisage of a new homeland in New England. Edwards primary commitment was to understand the Bible and to abide by it to live life to the fullest. Edwards spires to better himself and set a precedent for his congregation and his Christian community. Franklin, like Edwards, also seeks these goals and achievements as and individual and for the American man. In Soundings: Some Early American Writers, Lewis Leary writes, Franklin was the true American E constantly redefines himself.. . None better represented the simple, noble men Who lived close to nature faithful to her laws uncontaminated by artificialities of court or town (Leary 9,11). Franklin provides his audience with virtues to adhere to when trying to set goals to improve themselves. Franklin explains, no one can change overnight and one must work on one vice until successively conquered, such as chastity, everyman can find self-improvement and further contribute to their community (Franklin 487). Franklins determination to overcome vices enabled him to become closer to virtuosity, and hopefully in the end encourage his community to do the same. Similarly, Edwards efforts to overcome his sins enabled him to become closer to God and to set an example for his congregation. Both men documented the progress of their goals to follow their self-defined resolutions and both men hoped their morasses would adhere to the same principles. They desired to be influential and catch attention and esteem from their community by showcasing their sacrifices.Along with self-improvement and setting of goals Edwards and Franklins writings reflect the importance of cohesion as a society. While Edwards urges his America was redefining religion, Franklin, through his writing encourages society to move closer together after the Revolutionary War. In, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Edwards reciprocates with ferocity and anger to his congregation when faced with The Great Awakening. In the sermon to his congregation Edwards objective is to rationalize with the countless that are doomed to damnation and not saved.He preaches, Now you have an extraordinary opportunity, a day wherein Christ has thrown the door of mercy wide open (Edwards 435). Edwards begs for the cohesion of his congregational community in effort to defeat the influences of uncertified preachers and the impedance of damnation. Ursula Brume explains in her essay Jonathan Edwards and Typology, In Early American Literature: A Collection of Critical Essays, Edwards took part heart and soul in the events of the Great Awakening He regarded this movement with overwhelming expectations in the belief that it marked the beginning of a new millennium (Brume 71).Edwards felt The Great Awakening was a test from God, that Satan was causing these events, and that by force through his sermons he could hold his congregation together and pass this test from God to see who was faithful. Being much less forceful in his path, Franklin simply attempted to coax others to follow his path to become more patriotic. Franklin delves into the concept of how man can be made into a good citizen by following his sits of virtues. He says, Its every ones interest to be virtuous, who wished to be happy even in this world (Franklin 495).Franklins goal is, to show men that his autobiography and literature alike can help oneself to analyze and correct their own errors (Leary 15). Franklins autobiography is defined by the case of rags to riches and has become a commonly used theme by many American writers. In the book Making the American Self: Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln by Daniel Walker Howe, Howe further explains the evolution of the self made man, Edwards and Franklin agreed in their assessment of human nature and the difficulties put in the way of a virtuous life.

Nature/Nurture Essay Example

Nature/Nurture Essay Nature/Nurture Name: Institution: Nature/Nurture We will write a custom essay sample on Nature/Nurture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nature/Nurture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nature/Nurture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. The Nature versus Nurture decorum involves the comparative significance of the intrinsic qualities of a person against individual experiences in verifying or causing personal dissimilarities within corporeal and behavioral characteristics. In summary, the factors of nature and nurture influence the traits and characteristics human beings acquire based on genetics or the respective environmental milieu. The issue of child development necessitates the discourse exemplified within the Nature versus Nurture debate. On one hand, psychologists and geneticists allege that the development of a child gains influence from nature, which comprises genetics and biological predisposition. On the other hand, psychologists and geneticists assert that the development of child gains basic influence from nurture, which constitutes the environment. Nevertheless, consideration of these pair of assumptions surmises that both nature and nurture play a significant role in endorsing child development. 2. Indeed, the environment in which an individual occupies possesses considerable influence on development. According to Friendly Teacher (2005), the impact of the environment on the behavior of a person is indeed a generally acknowledged fact. However, with respect to this factor, it is also important to consider the quantity of the environment’s influence on an individual’s mannerisms and capabilities. As such, one environmental factor that poses influence on child development is nutrition. As a basic factor, nutrition poses a vital impact on an individual’s capabilities since it is broadly associative with the development of children in terms of personal growth and health. While considering the surroundings of an individual regarding the influence on ability, nutrition portrays a vital illustration. For instance, a certain study documents an instance in which a group of children consumed mineral and vitamin supplements for eight consecutive months (Friendly Te acher, 2005). In addition, the experiment inculcated intelligence examinations prior to and after the eight month treatment. As such, the outcomes revealed enhancements in the scores regarding the group in comparison to another group that did not take the supplements (as quoted in Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). Alternately, the interpretation of the results illustrates that the environment poses a significant responsibility in the development of intellectual aptitude among people. Another environmental factor that poses influence on child development is social interaction. Social interaction in the environment allows individuals to commune, learn and develop language as well as viable verbal and non-communication patterns, which assist considerably in the facilitation of development. As such, children exposed to a range of social activities such as playing, story telling and other co-curricular activities over time develop socially, emotionally and mentally based on the social relationships they creat e through the interacting activities. 3. Correspondingly, the genes innate within every individual incur a considerable effect on personal development. The basis of genes forms the nature of every person based on their genetics and biological composition. These genetic codes pass from one person to another because of the possibility of heredity. Such genetic codes influence different traits among individuals such as behavior, intelligence quotient (IQ) and height. Furthermore, the genes within people compose the dissimilarity that is evident among persons. These dissimilarities include physical characteristics such as the color of hair, the color of the eye as well genetically inherited diseases (SASJones, 2010). The illustration within Twin Studies indicates the matter of nature as a major influence on the development of children. Flanagan (2002) investigated the Minnesota Study, which comprised a pair of twins fostered separately. In one instance, indistinguishable twins, known as the Jim Twins, gained separate nurturing. The twins did not encounter each other after nearly forty years and surprisingly, possessed numerous similarities regardless of being apart for a long time. Interestingly, there was no evidence regarding the similarities except for the fact that nature posed a significant responsibility in the development. According to Flanagan (2002), â€Å"The Minnesota Twin Study concluded that on multiple measures of personality and temperament, occupational and leisure-time interests and social attitudes, mono-zygotic twins reared apart are about as similar as are mono-zygotic twins reared together† (as quoted in SASJones, 2010). As such, one cannot negate the fact that nature, in terms of genetics, creates substantial impact on development. As much as nature plays an important role in development through the transmission of different traits resulting from genes, it is also evident that nature influences child development through genetic abnormalities. Genetic abnormalities do not necessarily arise out of heredity. Instead, they depend on the genetic composition as well as instruction in the formation of cells within organisms. Usually, genetic instructions are fallible and can thus digress from the normal manner of functioning. Occasionally, when the formation of a sperm or ovum takes place, the quantity of chromosomes may partition unequally forcing the organism to possess a larger or smaller amount of chromosomes other than the standard 23. Furthermore, in the event that an abnormal cell amalgamates with a standard cell, the resulting zygote will possess an unequal figure of chromosomes, which will result into a baby with a syndrome that has an array of distinguishing characteristics that influence development in a di fferent manner. 4. The Nature versus Nurture debate prompts further study regarding the impact of genetics and the environment in the progress of health and behavioral issues from infancy to maturity. Research conducted on social and psychological aspects of individuals focuses on the association between cognition, sentiment and violent behavior. One study carried out by a faction of scientists in 2005 focuses specifically on violent behavior. The objective of the research delved on proving the permutation of genetics and the environment in influencing the development of criminally violent individuals. As such, the study gathered individuals who possessed the MAO-A gene. The MAO-A gene is a gene that comprises two alleles, of which one form is short and the other form is long. These alleles constitute the MAOA-uVNTR and the 5-HTTLPR genes (SASJones, 2010). Furthermore, the study focused on using an environment comprised of instances of violent childhood and upbringing in order to determine the corre lation between the genes and the violent background in developing criminal violence among persons. The outcome of the study indicated that the interaction of genes and the environment possessed credible impact in the development of violent persons. According to SASJones (2010), the study depicted that the evidence of 74 percent correlation between a short MAO-A form, an unfavorable background and aggressive behavior. Based on the study, individuals that possessed a long MAO-A form as well as an unpleasant childhood exuded less susceptibility towards violence. The results also proved similar for individuals that possessed a short MAO-A form and a most favorable childhood. With respect to the fact that the 5HTT gene posed null association to violence, it is evident that persons with the 5HTT gene, a diminutive MAO-A allele and an unfavorable background showed more violence than individuals who did not have the 5HTT gene. As such, the general outcome of the study proved that both factors, genes and the environment, influences violent behavior among individuals and as such, depict the influence of nature and nurture on development. 5. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) poses significant association towards the notion of heritability. The concept of ADHD heritability influences the degree to which an individual is likely to gain ADHD. Thapar et al., (2006) asserts that the risk of gaining ADHD is greater among relatives with ADHD and conduct disorder. Additionally, genetic aspects among family members contribute enormously to ADHD symptoms ultimately. Alternately, certain genes influence ADHD irrespective of the fact that most of them do not possess a considerable impact in facilitating the disorder. Consequently, the genes influencing ADHD do not influence the development of the disorder wholly but in traits encompassing the illness. According to Thapar et al., (2006), the DRD4 7-repeat allele, which constitutes the DRD4 gene, is responsible for anti-social behavior among children suffering from ADHD. Additionally, Faraone (2000) acknowledges that the genetic studies conducted on the DRD4 gene as well as the DAT gene indicate that individuals with these genes are likely to gain ADHD. Furthermore, the polymorphism associated with both genes with respect to their respective alleles depicts potential acquisition of the disorder among individuals. Nevertheless, as much as both genes possess direct linkage towards being the causative factor of ADHD, the genes still possess an insignificant effect on ADHD heritability based on the deviating nature of their polymorphic forms. Other genetic studies performed on individuals with ADHD assert that 75 percent of the persons suffering from the disorder possessed one duplicate of the allele and as such, negate the influence of polymorphism as well as presence of genes as substantial factors towards the development and attainment of ADHD (Faraone, 2000; Thapar et al., 2006). 6. Regardless of the consistent amount of experiments conducted on affirming the Nature versus Nurture hypothesis, it is still possible to outline novel forms of testing that are possible for illustrating the concept. An example of an experiment regarding the interaction between nature and nurture with respect to development is the performance of adoption studies. Adoption studies differentiate from twin studies since they focus on deducing the influence of genes and the surroundings of an individual among persons with different genes. In summary, adoption studies focus on adopted children, the different traits they possess as well as the similar environment that they share with their adopted parents and its effect on their development. Furthermore, the study could be more beneficial in explaining the role of genes and the environment on development. An example of an adoption study would comprise a study involving the study of the traits intrinsic within adopted children. In the study, the adopted children share familial heredity but live together with foster parents. In conduction of the study, research will entail testing a foster family with adopted children and the adopted children’s biological family. The main objective of the study will focus on outlining the relationship between heredity and background in facilitating development among children. The children, while being adopted, will share the surroundings with other children but will not share similar genes with them. As such, the argument made for this study involves the possibility of the adopted children sharing more traits and features with their foster families in comparison to their biological families. The outcomes of the result will outline that nature and nurture facilitate development among children since the adopted children will not share traits with t he foster families but will accentuate the norms and values of their foster families. Conclusion In conclusion, nature and nurture possess credible and significant influence on the development of children. The number of studies carried out to test the concept acknowledges that genes and the environment affect the manner in which a child develops from infancy to maturity. Moreover, the prevalence of genetic diseases such as ADHD further supports the concept based on the assertion that heritability and the surroundings facilitate the disorder and hence a child’s development. References Faraone, S.V. (November 01, 2000). Genetics of childhood disorders: XX. ADHD, part 4: Is ADHD genetically heterogeneous? Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 11, 1455-1457. Retrieved from http://medicine.yale.edu/labs/lombroso/www/pdfs/column35.pdf/ Friendly Teacher (2005, Dec 16). The childhood development Nature vs. Nurture debate continues. Retrieved from http://voices.yahoo.com/the-childhood-development-nature-vs-nurture-debate-13176.html/ SASJones. (2010, Aug 5). Nature vs. nurture: Either, or; or both? Retrieved from http://voices.yahoo.com/nature-vs-nurture-6521126.html?cat=72/ Thapar, A., Langley, K., Asherson, P., Gill, M. (Jan 01, 2007). Gene-environment interplay in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of a developmental perspective. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 1-3. Retrieved from http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/190/1/1.full/

Personal Computers essays

Personal Computers essays In the last 1,000 years what has been the most revolutionary development? The answer would be the personal computer! Never has such a development been so promising, yet devastating at the same time. This miraculous invention comes two sided, the heads side being that we are now a very fast paced, and technologically advanced country, the tails side being that we now have in our midst a whole different accessibility to pornography, a decrease in physical activity of Americans, and a severe increase in opportunity for fraud and hacking. Before the personal computer was released to the public, only the mainframes existed. These mainframes took as much space as a Costco warehouse would take today! They were made up of PVC pipes and huge air-conditioning units for cooling the pipes off. Mainframes were primarily used for businesses or scientific studies. Personal computers brought a whole new light to the computer industry. Following the invention of the personal computer, a network was created by the military called the Internet. The Internet was made for the purpose that if an enemy were to strike us, we would have a network that was indestructible, consisting of independent servers all around the world. The military decided to extend this network to anyone who had a personal computer, thus creating a mass evolutionary transformation in the way everyone would communicate in the future. Along with this very good event came some sick people with the idea of pornography in mind. These people capitalized on the open market and it is now the most profitable profession on the Internet. In this past year there have been around 2,000 new sites every month. Like it or not, the online pornography industry has a knack for getting people to part with their money. Most mainstream Web sites do not. (Sun1) Another problem Americans face is the laziness of sitting down at a computer all day and not getting any physical activity. "...

Revolutionary War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Revolutionary War - Essay Example Washington never understood why slaves would freely choose to fight for their new home. The great majority of slaves only cared about their freedom, so joining the American colonists provided an avenue for this wish. The reason why more blacks joined the Loyalist forces is because they were offering freedom to those who fought. As a result, the Loyalist forces had more men to fight with and had the upper hand in the war. Thousands of blacks chose to side with the British forces because of the promise of freedom—something that the American colonists were not so willing to offer. George Washington barred the recruitment of black soldiers even though they had already fought with whites at Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill. This choice proved to be a terrible mistake—although not fatal. It took until the winter of 1777-78 for Washington to reconsider his earlier decision. The American colonists were losing the war and the Continental Army had fallen to only 18,000. Because of these circumstances, Washington finally decided to enlist a regiment of black slaves from Rhode Island. Even though Washington allowed blacks to join the war effort, they were used in basic capacities only. George Washington did not trust blacks at all—he believed that they would take advantage of their new found freedom and run away and desert the army. Washington came from a Southern background and felt that he had to appease South Carolina’s leaders over the issue of slavery. After the war had ended, Washington demanded that former slaves be sent back to their previous masters. This also included the blacks who had fought for the British Loyalists and were now considered American

Consumer Behavior TrendsCocooning Research Paper

Consumer Behavior TrendsCocooning - Research Paper Example Cocooning is an interesting practice which implies a certain accepted belief set with respect to what will become of the overall economy. Likewise, the level of economic optimism displayed by this group is invariably quite low (Sexton 2011). In short, those that practice cocooning are intent on building/fortifying their own interests/needs against the backdrop of an increasingly uncertain economic reality. These consumers cannot be easily defined as they incorporate elements of TEOTWAWKI (The end of the world as we know it), survivalism, conservationism, and a pervasive element of fear for future stability. It is this fear, more than any other factor, which defines the behaviors and actions of consumers as will be discussed in this analysis. As such, this brief analysis will review the product many different product offerings of freeze dried food and other long-term food storage items. This type of activity, although still considered fringe, is gaining more and more popularity due to the uncertain outcome of the current financial crisis and the fear by many individuals that the situation will only become more and more desperate as time goes on. This belief is further compounded by a growing group of individuals who have developed a worldview that is defined by the belief that the complete and total collapse of the global economy is imminent. Although there have always been elements of survivalism and fear of a coming global apocalypse, the size and scope of such activities has verifiably increased over the past few years to encompass a much larger demographic than was previously associated with such cocooning activities as this. Individuals, spurred on by aggressive marketing campaigns in alternative media outlets1, are actively seeking to stockpile not only food but other necessary supplies that they believe will insulate them in some way from the coming/imminent collapse. This behavior is unique due

Marketing Reasearch Topshop Essay Example for Free

Marketing Reasearch Topshop Essay Many organisations use marketing research to contribute to the development of their businesses because Market research can improve marketing strategies. Market research gives you concrete feedback regarding the product or service. You can use the information from market studies in your marketing strategy to define your target market, position your product, and price it appropriately. TOPSHOP is one of the world’s most internationally recognized fashion design talent schemes its part of the Arcadia Group, which owns a number of other retail outlets, it seems to be the single biggest supporter of emerging design talent in the UK. Arcadia Group ones over than 500 stores in more than 30 markets, supporting franchisees. Retail is a popular market as many new designers and stores are always popping Using marketing research is the most common kind of research as you can determine your market how you need to brand your product. Also finding competitors can be very useful when selling similar products for example a very popular fashion necessity like leggings. These leather leggings are popular in London at the moment and many stores are selling them however as TOPSHOP is such a popular brand people would rather spend  £33 at TOPSHOP then  £12.99 at a more basic store even with the significant price difference. This shows the importance of market research and branding, TOPSHOP’s reputation and brand awareness allows them to sell product at a higher price than other market competitors. Both products are made from the same material 100% Polyurethane but TOPSHOPS modifies the basic shape by adding multiple seams and a metal zipper, this adds a more fashionable twist then other companies which then allow TOPSHOP’s marketing team to increase the price to beat competitors. Topshop is a British clothes retailer specialized in womens clothing and fashion accessories. Topshop started life in 1964 as Peter Robinsons Topshop. By the 1970s Topshop had the first stand-alone store which was opened in 1974 however in 1994 the brand began to grow and set up at 214 Oxford Store. TOPSHOP first had a reputation of being a tacky low price clothing outlet. As the brand started growing they created TOPSHOP ‘plus to appeal to a larger market and compete with potential market competitors, which has now earned the fame of now leading fashion retailer. This success is owed to market strategy made in 1994 by going upscale. TOPSHOP ‘plus products will arrive first in the market and will be of high quality and very low comparative price. TOPSHOP plus stock up to date fashion clothes and accessories before any of its competitors does in the market because of the brand status many sellers want to work with TOPSHOP as they have so much publicity and celebrity endorsement. The endorsement from the British super model Kate Moss acted to strengthen Top Shops image as being first class in fashion clothing additionally the collection arrived in stores, designed to capture the models unique sense of style, Kate Moss for Top shop was one of the most hotly anticipated high street collaborations. Over time, TOPSHOP will come to be known not only as just the fashion accessory provider but much rather a trend setter especially with its in-house designer brands and those exclusively introduced and introduced by fashion industry leaders. Due to its various marketing efforts, innovations in the business and exclusive services for its customers, it is now the biggest and the most differentiated name in the fashion industry especially when it comes to retailers in the field.

Spitting :: essays research papers

This review pertains to the planned change of a 1909 law in Palmyra, New York, which bills itself, â€Å"one of the friendliest spots on Earth† that forbids public spitting. The change in city code would increase the possible fine for those convicted of this offense from $2 to $50 currently, to $250 and adding jail time of up to 15 days to the sentence. Arguments in favor of the changes to the ordinance: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The city of Palmyra has a right to protect its citizens from what it believes to be harmful to society as a whole and to promote the betterment of the community. Mayor Vicky Daly believes that in changing this ordinance, â€Å"we’re trying to have Palmyra be a pleasant place, and we don’t want people to spit.† 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reason behind the increase of the sentence for those convicted of this crime was a recent review of many ordinances on the books. The city council in increasing the to the fine and adding jail time was merely an attempt to bring a law written in 1909 up to the standards of 2003. In June they reviewed hundreds of codes, and decided on the increase to this ordinance quickly, moving on to other issues. The intent is to make this law up-to-speed with current times. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While probably intended to prevent tuberculosis in unsanitary Victorian times, this law could help to stop the spread of contagious diseases. While tuberculosis is no longer a threat, the possibility of SARS is out there. Palmyra is only trying to prevent was it sees as a potential health issue. Arguments against the new change to the ordinance: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While other cities across the country are trying to enact laws that restrict smoking, noise and cellular phone use, Palmyra is changing one that prevents spitting. While legal reforms are working to get extinct laws of the books, here an outdated one is being given new life. Citizens think this law is making a mockery of their town. If regal reforms are to succeed, laws like this must not remain on the books. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the past 6 years, a police officer Robert Grier has not once charged anyone with the breaking the present ordinance. He says, â€Å"It’s going to be an impossible law to enforce. I’m sure there are many unenforceable laws.† Why have a law on the books that cannot be enforced? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Until there is proof that spitting is the cause of SARS, there is no real danger in restricting public spitting. Spitting :: essays research papers This review pertains to the planned change of a 1909 law in Palmyra, New York, which bills itself, â€Å"one of the friendliest spots on Earth† that forbids public spitting. The change in city code would increase the possible fine for those convicted of this offense from $2 to $50 currently, to $250 and adding jail time of up to 15 days to the sentence. Arguments in favor of the changes to the ordinance: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The city of Palmyra has a right to protect its citizens from what it believes to be harmful to society as a whole and to promote the betterment of the community. Mayor Vicky Daly believes that in changing this ordinance, â€Å"we’re trying to have Palmyra be a pleasant place, and we don’t want people to spit.† 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reason behind the increase of the sentence for those convicted of this crime was a recent review of many ordinances on the books. The city council in increasing the to the fine and adding jail time was merely an attempt to bring a law written in 1909 up to the standards of 2003. In June they reviewed hundreds of codes, and decided on the increase to this ordinance quickly, moving on to other issues. The intent is to make this law up-to-speed with current times. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While probably intended to prevent tuberculosis in unsanitary Victorian times, this law could help to stop the spread of contagious diseases. While tuberculosis is no longer a threat, the possibility of SARS is out there. Palmyra is only trying to prevent was it sees as a potential health issue. Arguments against the new change to the ordinance: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While other cities across the country are trying to enact laws that restrict smoking, noise and cellular phone use, Palmyra is changing one that prevents spitting. While legal reforms are working to get extinct laws of the books, here an outdated one is being given new life. Citizens think this law is making a mockery of their town. If regal reforms are to succeed, laws like this must not remain on the books. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the past 6 years, a police officer Robert Grier has not once charged anyone with the breaking the present ordinance. He says, â€Å"It’s going to be an impossible law to enforce. I’m sure there are many unenforceable laws.† Why have a law on the books that cannot be enforced? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Until there is proof that spitting is the cause of SARS, there is no real danger in restricting public spitting.

Buddhism in East Asia Essay

Many people will choose Confucianism as the most important factor in understating East Asian culture. Confucianism, indeed, is crucial in understanding the culture. However, one should not overlook the influence of Buddhism on Confucianism and many areas of East Asian culture. Buddhism, one of the world’s oldest religions and a philosophy, is shared by East Asian countries, thus in order to fully appreciate the East Asian culture, one should learn about Buddhism and its significant influence on the culture. This paper will discuss Buddhism shared by East Asian culture and how the religion played an enormous role in shaping the mindset of people affecting their culture. Buddhism started approximately in the 6th century BCE, starting with the birth of the Buddha in India. The religion then spread through Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia (Keown). Among many branches of Buddhism, Mahayana has been diffused from first west, north, and east throughout East Asia (Skilton). The fundamental principles of Mahayana are liberation from suffering and the belief in the existence of Bodhisattva. Bodhisattva is someone who achieved Nirvana, the state of being free from both suffering and the cycle of rebirth (Keown). One can find a carved wood elongated figure of Bodhisattva Guanyin (1999. 13. 0003) from Spurlok Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL . In this wooden figure, Guanyin is barefoot with hair wrapped in knot, wears ornate robes and holds a basket with flowers (Spurlock Museum). One can also find a photo of Bronze Seated Buddha in National Museum at Kyongbok-Kung, Seoul, South Korea (1986. 27. 0017) in Spurlock Museum . These are an important artifact and a photo because one can easily find very similar artifacts of Guanyin or Buddha in China, Korea, and Japan. It shows one how Buddhism was shared by East Asian countries (Yu). Upon first encountering Buddhism, many Chinese scholars regarded it as merely a foreign religion. This caused Buddhism to transform itself into a system that could co-exist within the Chinese way of life. Thus, filial devotion, one of the most valued by Confucianists, in Buddhist teachings became the core texts in China. It further strengthened the Confucian value by claiming that the salvation of an individual was a benefit to the society and family. Therefore, Buddhism could spread well in the Chinese population (Chen). From this point, Buddhism spread to Korea and Japan, and Buddhist ideology began to merge with Confucianism. This caused many Confucian scholars to redefine Confucianism as Neo-Confucianism (Chen). While Neo-Confucianism adapted Buddhist ideas, many Neo-Confucianists strongly opposed Buddhism. Nonetheless, Buddhism offered Confucianism important ideas such as the nature of the soul and the relation of the individual to the cosmos, ideas not explored by Confucianism (Chen). Again, Neo-Confucianism was spread through Korea and Japan, and they were all deeply influenced for more than half a millennium (Chen). Moreover, many other indigenous religions and philosophical systems in East Asia integrated the ideas and teachings of Buddhism, so it came to be a natural part of living. In conclusion, the teachings of Buddhism not only influenced in shaping the mindset of East Asian people, but also affected their philosophy of life.

Shitsumon in Translation

The Japanese word shitsumon,  which is pronounced without the s in the middle, is a common word which is translated to mean a question, an interrogation, or an iquiry. Japanese Characters è ³ ªÃ¥â€¢  㠁â€"㠁 ¤Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šâ€œ Example Nanika shitsumon wa arimasu ka.ä ½â€¢Ã£ â€¹Ã¨ ³ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã£  ¯Ã£ â€šÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š Translation:  Do you have any questions? Antonym kaitou 回ç ­â€